{"id":883,"date":"2026-06-18T15:17:21","date_gmt":"2026-06-18T07:17:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.owiregroup.com\/?p=883"},"modified":"2026-06-18T15:19:09","modified_gmt":"2026-06-18T07:19:09","slug":"aoc-vs-dac-a-comprehensive-technical-guide-to-selecting-active-optical-cables-for-modern-ai-hpc-fabrics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.owiregroup.com\/vi\/news\/faq-guides\/aoc-vs-dac-a-comprehensive-technical-guide-to-selecting-active-optical-cables-for-modern-ai-hpc-fabrics\/","title":{"rendered":"AOC so v\u1edbi DAC: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1p quang ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng AI v\u00e0 HPC hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1p quang ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng (AOC): Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i cho m\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 AOC d\u00e0nh cho trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao (HPC) v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) (~2000 t\u1eeb, k\u00e8m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u00e0nh cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Vi\u1ec7c<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H\u00ecnh 1: Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00e1p quang ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng (AOC) trong m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u si\u00eau quy m\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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1. C\u00e1p quang ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng (AOC) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t C\u00e1p quang ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng (AOC)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m c\u00e1p quang c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng g\u1ed3m hai b\u01b0\u1edbc\u2014m\u00f4-\u0111un c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o l\u1eafp<\/em> + c\u00e1p n\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>\u2014th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1eafp s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1eafm l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn thu nh\u1ecf b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd quang h\u1ecdc<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  • A Laser VCSEL<\/strong> (Ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng \u0111a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 850 nm)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • A IC \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n laser<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • A B\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng ch\u00e9o (TIA)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • A DSP \/ CDR<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • M\u1ed9t MCU<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c AOC th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng S\u1ee3i quang \u0111a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 OM3 ho\u1eb7c OM4<\/strong> l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh xung quang, truy\u1ec1n qua s\u1ee3i quang v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMI).<\/p>\n\n\n

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    \"C\u1ea5u<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n


    H\u00ecnh 2: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1ed1i b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t AOC \u2014 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u2192 b\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u2192 VCSEL \u2192 s\u1ee3i quang \u2192 photodiode \/ TIA \u2192 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    2. AOC so v\u1edbi DAC: T\u1ea1i sao n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn AOC?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Trong c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn, c\u00e1p quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (AOC) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (DAC)<\/strong> c\u00e1p. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>DAC (K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng)<\/th>AOC (C\u00e1p quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/td>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u1ee9c 100G; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c 400G cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn<\/td>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1eeb 10G \u0111\u1ebfn 800G+<\/td><\/tr>
    Ph\u1ea1m vi<\/td>\u2264 3 m \u1edf 100G, \u2264 2 m \u1edf 400G<\/td>T\u1ed1i \u0111a 100 m qua c\u00e1p OM4<\/td><\/tr>
    Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>N\u1eb7ng, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n l\u1edbn<\/td>~1\/4 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a DAC t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td><\/tr>
    T\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>Cao<\/td>Th\u1ea5p, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td><\/tr>
    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5u EMI<\/td>Y\u1ebfu<\/td>Tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi (t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u quang kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n)<\/td><\/tr>
    Chi ph\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i c\u1ed5ng<\/td>Th\u1ea5p<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i:<\/strong> Khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t 100G v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ~5 m, AOC s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/strong>. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 200G tr\u1edf \u0111i, c\u00e1c AOC \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/em> L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ToR\u2013Leaf trong trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n

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    \"So<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n


    H\u00ecnh 3: So s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed5ng gi\u1eefa AOC v\u00e0 DAC trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch 400G.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n\n\n\n

    3. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9: T\u1eeb 10G \u0111\u1ebfn 800G<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 AOC \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n song song v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Ethernet:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. C\u00e1p quang AOC 10G SFP+<\/strong> \u2014 AOC ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ToR.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. C\u00e1p quang AOC 25G SFP28<\/strong> \u2014 do s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u201cwhite-box\u201d th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y; hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. C\u00e1p quang AOC 40G QSFP+<\/strong> \u2014 4 l\u00e0n 10G, v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb 1 m \u0111\u1ebfn 100 m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. C\u00e1p quang AOC 100G QSFP28<\/strong> \u2014 4 l\u00e0n 25G, l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m AI th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. C\u00e1p quang AOC 200G QSFP56<\/strong> \u2014 4 \u00d7 50G PAM4; m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty si\u00eau quy m\u00f4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    6. C\u00e1p quang AOC 400G QSFP-DD \/ OSFP<\/strong> \u2014 8 \u00d7 50G PAM4, l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng AI v\u00e0 HPC hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    7. 800G OSFP \/ QSFP-DD800 AOC<\/strong> \u2014 8 \u00d7 100G PAM4, \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    8. 1,6T (\u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n)<\/strong> \u2014 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng AI giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2026\u20132027.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \n

      \ud83d\udca1 \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> T\u1eeb 400G tr\u1edf l\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1p quang (AOC) g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng PAM4 (\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 xung 4 m\u1ee9c)<\/strong> k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean DSP<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i bit (BER).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n

      \n
      \"Ki\u1ec3u<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n


      H\u00ecnh 4: C\u00e1p quang AOC 800G QSFP-DD800 \u2014 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1nh t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thay th\u1ebf n\u00f3ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n\n\n\n

      4. C\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      4.1 Trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 si\u00eau l\u1edbn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c AOC k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u2194 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch ToR<\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc l\u00e1 \u2194 c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng<\/strong>. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch 1U, 32 c\u1ed5ng 400G c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i 32 c\u00e1p AOC t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i hay g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      4.2 C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI (M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi GPU \/ TPU)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng NVIDIA NVL, InfiniBand NDR\/HDR v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng AI t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, C\u00e1p AOC 400G \/ 800G<\/strong> l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c n\u00fat GPU. So v\u1edbi DAC, AOC mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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      • Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u2265 5 m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ee7 GPU)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i bit (BER) th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        \u2014 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        4.3 T\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao (HPC)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao (HPC) \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong> v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Do c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i AOC cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n-quang \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng InfiniBand HDR\/NDR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        4.4 M\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i \/ m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn trung gian 5G<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ea1ng fronthaul di \u0111\u1ed9ng 5G s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1p quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (AOC) 25G\/100G \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p CPRI truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (CAPEX)<\/strong> d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n

        \n
        \"H\u1ec7<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n


        H\u00ecnh 5: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111i d\u00e2y AOC 400G\/800G \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u1edf m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI (ki\u1ec3u DGX SuperPOD).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n\n\n\n

        5. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Khi t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00e1c AOC, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c<\/strong> \u2014 Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEEE 802.3, QSFP-DD MSA, OSFP MSA v\u00e0 CMIS.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Ph\u1ea1m vi<\/strong> \u2014 c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng: 3 \/ 5 \/ 10 \/ 30 \/ 50 \/ 100 m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t quang<\/strong> \u2014 C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y thu, t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • BER<\/strong> \u2014 Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb BER tr\u01b0\u1edbc FEC th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2264 1E-6 ho\u1eb7c 1E-8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • M\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng<\/strong> \u2014 M\u1ed9t c\u00e1p AOC 400G th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u2264 10 W cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong> \u2014 D\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i: 0\u201370 \u00b0C, d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: -40\u201385 \u00b0C.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/strong> \u2014 DDM\/DOM, CMIS 4.0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • B\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n cong<\/strong> \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2265 30 mm (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee3i quang OM4).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e1y<\/strong> \u2014 OFNR \/ OFNP \/ LSZH \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y d\u00e0nh cho trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n

          6. B\u1ea3y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          1. Kh\u00f3a ch\u1eb7t ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp giao th\u1ee9c.<\/strong> C\u00e1c AOC ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi giao th\u1ee9c<\/strong> c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch\/NIC \u2014 400G DR4 \u2260 400G FR4 \u2260 400G SR4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng MSA kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/strong> QSFP-DD v\u00e0 OSFP kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd; vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng khung gi\u1eef.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. T\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/strong> C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e1ng c\u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00e2y n\u1ed1i tr\u00ean cao \u2014 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng = kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u00d7 1,2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          4. H\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/strong> Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ec3n khai AOC c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao, Lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc ra sau ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng quay c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea1t tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          5. N\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn.<\/strong> H\u00e3y l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh (Arista, Cisco, NVIDIA\/Mellanox, H3C, Huawei).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          6. Ghi nh\u00e3n cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9.<\/strong> M\u1ed7i AOC ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n QR\/m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho CMDB v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          7. Ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y \u0111o c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t quang v\u00e0 BERT \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: ~5%) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          8. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
            \"C\u00e1c<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


            H\u00ecnh 6: B\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n cong khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb (\u2265 30 mm) v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u00e1ng c\u00e1p treo tr\u00ean cao cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng AOC.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n\n\n\n

            7. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai: 1,6T, LPO v\u00e0 CPO<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • AOC 1,6T:<\/strong> V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 SerDes 200G, c\u00e1c c\u00e1p quang AOC OSFP 1,6T s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng AI v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2026\u20132027.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • LPO (Th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh quang h\u1ecdc tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eafm v\u00e0o):<\/strong> Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 (DSP), gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 50%. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025 \u2014 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a AOC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • CPO (Th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i chung):<\/strong> T\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00f4-\u0111un quang h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi chip ASIC c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m th\u00eam 30%+ c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec3n khai th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i sau n\u0103m 2027.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Quang t\u1eed h\u1ecdc silicon:<\/strong> C\u00e1c AOC trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SiPh<\/strong> c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m thu nh\u1ecf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              \"L\u1ed9<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


              H\u00ecnh 7: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i quang \u2014 AOC \u2192 LPO \u2192 CPO \u2192 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i chung v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quang t\u1eed silicon.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n\n\n\n

              8. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

              C\u00e1p quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (AOC) \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u201cs\u1ee3i c\u00e1p v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u00ean trong t\u1ee7 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7\u201d th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/strong>. Nh\u1edd t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed5n hao th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMI) c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i quang, c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un AOC mang l\u1ea1i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao \u2013 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i 400G\/800G, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1p trong trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a AOC, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a ROI<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Active Optical Cable (AOC): The Core Interconnect for High-Speed Networking 1. What Is an Active Optical Cable (AOC)? An Active Optical Cable (AOC) is a fiber-optic cable assembly with optical transceivers permanently embedded in both ends. It converts the traditional two-step connection\u2014pluggable module + fiber patch cable\u2014into a single, factory-terminated, plug-and-play assembly. Each end of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":886,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faq-guides"],"yoast_head":"\nActive Optical Cable (AOC): Core Interconnect for AI Clusters & Data Centers Guide- owire<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Full technical guide to AOC working principle, AOC & DAC comparison, speed evolution, specification selection, deployment tips and 1.6T\/LPO\/CPO trends for hyperscale data centers, HPC and AI GPU clusters.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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